Keap1 in adhesion complexes.

Cell adhesion complexes are sensors that interact with the extracellular environment and allow for the transmission of signals found outside the cell across the plasma membrane to the cell interior. Keap1 is a newly identified component of cell adhesion complexes. We investigated Keap1's association with these complexes in diverse tissues and cell types. Keap1 is present in focal adhesion (FA)-like assemblies in kidney proximal tubule cells where it colocates with actin. In liver, Keap1 is found in the adherens junctions (AJ) and at the base of the bile canaliculi. To study Keap1's involvement in both the integrin-based FA and the cadherin-based AJ, we induced formation of these complexes in fibroblasts, using a serum starvation followed by a serum supplementation method. When compared with vinculin, a component of all FA, we found that Keap1 assembles only in the peripheral FA. Within the peripheral FA, Keap1 was present in distinct foci along the length of the FA and these foci were different from vinculin, talin, paxillin, and phospho-tyrosine rich regions of the FA. Unlike most FA components, Keap1 was also recruited to the newly formed AJ. As Keap1 homologues are actin-bundling proteins, we hypothesize that Keap1's function is to bundle F-actin within these diverse types of cell adhesion components.