Phylogenetic inference based on matrix representation of trees.

Rooted phylogenetic trees can be represented as matrices in which the rows correspond to termini, and columns correspond to internal nodes (elements of the n-tree). Parsimony analysis of such a matrix will fully recover the topology of the original tree. The maximum size of the represented matrix depends only on the number of termini in the tree; for a tree derived from molecular sequences, the represented matrix may be orders of magnitude smaller than the original data matrix. Representations of multiple trees (which may or may not have identical termini) can readily be combined into a single matrix; columns of discrete-character-state data can be added and, if desired, weighted differentially. Parsimony analysis of the resulting composite matrix yields a hybrid supertree which typically provides greater resolution than conventional consensus trees. Use of this method is illustrated with examples involving multiple tRNA genes in organelles and multiple protein-coding genes in eukaryotes.