Ca2+ currents in single myocytes from human mesenteric arteries: evidence for a physiological role of L-type channels.

1. Voltage-gated Ca2+ currents (ICa) in isolated human mesenteric arterial cells were characterized in solutions containing normal (1.5 mM) Ca2+ and elevated concentrations of divalent cations using the conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique. 2. In normal Ca2+ solution, depolarization beyond -40 mV elicited a slowly decaying ICa which reached a maximum at +10 mV and appeared to reverse between +40 and +50 mV. The amplitude of this current in a group of cells correlated with cell membrane capacitance. 3. In two of thirty-three cells a small transient component of inward current was detected in the voltage range between -40 and -10 mV when cells were held at -80 mV. This current was abolished at a holding potential of -40 mV, while the current at 10 mV was not affected. These currents were referred to as T- and L-type Ca2+ respectively. 4. Elevation of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration to 20 mM shifted the voltage dependencies of Ca2+ current activation and inactivation by approximately +20 mV; a small T-current component was then observed in seven of nine cells held at -60 mV. 5. Replacement of 1.5 mM Ca2+ with 10 mM Ba2+ increased the amplitude of the current elicited at +10 mV by a factor of 3.7 and a small barium current (IBa) through T-type Ca2+ channels was also observed in most cells studied. Activation and steady-state inactivation curves for L-type current were found to be almost identical in both solutions. The steady-state inactivation for the T-type IBa was, however, more than 30 mV more negative (half-inactivation potential of -62.6 mV) of that for L-current in 1.5 mM Ca2+ and 10 mM Ba2+ solutions (-30.4 and -24.9 mV respectively). 6. A sustained inward Ca2+ channel current was recorded in the presence of normal Ca2+ and high divalent cation concentrations during 30 s depolarizations. The amplitude of this sustained current was found to be similar to the theoretical 'window current' predicted by the overlap of the activation and inactivation functions in these solutions. 7. Examination of the inactivation of the L-type current using a two-pulse protocol with a 240 ms prepulse revealed a U-shaped potential dependency for ICa, but not for IBa, suggesting the presence of a Ca(2+)-dependent component of the inactivation process. 8. These cells resemble other arterial smooth muscle cells previously studied in that they demonstrate both T- and L-components of ICa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)