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PMID: 12797537 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Cytokines and transcription factors that regulate T helper cell differentiation: new players and new insights.

Journal of clinical immunology ·Vol. 23 ·No. 3 ·2003-05-00 ·Pages 147-61

Agnello D, Lankford CS, Bream J, Morinobu A, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ, Frucht DM

Abstract

The differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into subsets of T helper cells is a pivotal process with major implications for host defense and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases. Though the basic paradigm was discovered more than 15 years ago, new discoveries continue to be made that offer fresh insights into the regulation of this process. T helper (TH)1 cells produce interferon (IFN)-gamma, promoting cell-mediated immunity and control of intracellular pathogens. We now know that TH1 differentiation is regulated by transcription factors such as T-bet, Stat1, and Stat4, as well as cytokines such as IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, type I IFNs, and IFN-gamma. In contrast, TH2 cells produce IL-4, which promotes allergic responses and is important in host defense against helminths. The transcription factors Stat6, GATA-3, c-Maf, NFATs, and the cytokine IL-4 promote TH2 differentiation. These key regulators of TH differentiation are the subject of this review.

MeSH Terms
Animals Cell Differentiation/immunology Cytokines/physiology Humans Signal Transduction/immunology T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology Transcription Factors/physiology
Chemicals
Cytokines Transcription Factors
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Agnello Davide
Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 9N262, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1820, Bethesda, Maryland 20802-1820, USA.
Lankford Carla S R
Bream Jay
Morinobu Akio
Gadina Massimo
O'Shea John J
Frucht David M
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Article Info
Journal
Journal of clinical immunology
Abbr.
J Clin Immunol
ISSN
0271-9142
DOI
10.1023/a:1023381027062
Published
2003-05-00
Pages
147-61
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
8102137
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1023/a:1023381027062 View journal details
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