Abstract
Small GTPases act as binary switches by cycling between an inactive (GDP-bound) and an active (GTP-bound) state. Upon stimulation with extracellular signals, guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) stimulate the exchange of GDP to GTP to shift toward the active forms of small GTPases, recognizing the downstream targets. Here we show that KIAA0793, containing substantial sequence homology with the catalytic Dbl homology domain of the faciogenital dysplasia gene product (FGD1), is a specific GEF for Cdc42. We, therefore, tentatively named it FRG (FGD1-related Cdc42-GEF). Src kinase directly phosphorylates and activates FRG, as Vav family GEFs. Additionally, FRG is involved in the signaling pathway from the endothelin A receptor to c-Jun N-terminal kinase, resulting in the inhibition of cell motility. These results suggest that FRG is a member of Cdc42-GEF and plays an important role in the signaling pathway downstream of G protein-coupled receptors.
MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence
Catalytic Domain
Cell Line
Cell Movement
Cells, Cultured
DNA, Complementary/metabolism
Endothelin-1/metabolism
Endothelins/metabolism
Enzyme Activation
Genes, Dominant
Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/chemistry,physiology
Humans
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase 4
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Models, Biological
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutation
Phosphorylation
Proline/chemistry
Protein Binding
Proteins/metabolism
Receptor, Endothelin A
Receptors, Endothelin/metabolism
Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Signal Transduction
Time Factors
Transfection
Tyrosine/metabolism
cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
src-Family Kinases/physiology
Chemicals
DNA, Complementary
Endothelin-1
Endothelins
FGD1 protein, human
FGD1-related Cdc42-GEF protein, human
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Proteins
Receptor, Endothelin A
Receptors, Endothelin
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant Proteins
Tyrosine
Proline
Glutathione Transferase
src-Family Kinases
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
MAP Kinase Kinase 4
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein
rho GTP-Binding Proteins
rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Miyamoto Yuki
Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
Yamauchi Junji
Itoh Hiroshi