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PMID: 12473178 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Review

The roles of sex steroid receptor coregulators in cancer.

Molecular cancer ·Vol. 1 ·2002-11-14 ·Pages 7

Gao X, Loggie BW, Nawaz Z

Abstract

Sex steroid hormones, estrogen, progesterone and androgen, play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and development, and in reproductive functions and sexual behavior. Studies have shown that sex steroid hormones are the key regulators in the development and progression of endocrine-related cancers, especially the cancers of the reproductive tissues. The actions of estrogen, progesterone and androgen are mediated through their cognate intracellular receptor proteins, the estrogen receptors (ER), the progesterone receptors (PR) and the androgen receptor (AR), respectively. These receptors are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, which function as transcription factors that regulate their target gene expression. Proper functioning of these steroid receptors maintains the normal responsiveness of the target tissues to the stimulations of the steroid hormones. This permits the normal development and function of reproductive tissues. It can be inferred that factors influencing the expression or function of steroid receptors will interfere with the normal development and function of the target tissues, and may induce pathological conditions, including cancers. In addition to the direct contact with the basal transcription machinery, nuclear receptors enhance or suppress transcription by recruiting an array of coactivators and corepressors, collectively named coregulators. Therefore, the mutation or aberrant expression of sex steroid receptor coregulators will affect the normal function of the sex steroid receptors and hence may participate in the development and progression of the cancers.

MeSH Terms
Androgens/physiology Animals Estrogens/physiology Female Hormones/physiology Humans Male Neoplasms/physiopathology Progesterone/physiology RNA, Long Noncoding RNA, Untranslated/physiology Receptors, Androgen/physiology Receptors, Estrogen/physiology Receptors, Progesterone/physiology Receptors, Steroid/physiology Transcription Factors/physiology
Chemicals
Androgens Estrogens Hormones RNA, Long Noncoding RNA, Untranslated Receptors, Androgen Receptors, Estrogen Receptors, Progesterone Receptors, Steroid Transcription Factors steroid receptor RNA activator Progesterone
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gao Xiuhua
CUMC-Cancer Center, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. xiuhuagao@hotmail.com
Loggie Brian W
Nawaz Zafar
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Article Info
Journal
Molecular cancer
Abbr.
Mol Cancer
ISSN
1476-4598
DOI
10.1186/1476-4598-1-7
Email
xiuhuagao@hotmail.com
Published
2002-11-14
Epub
2002-00-14
Pages
7
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
101147698
PMCID
PMC149410
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK056833 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R01 DK060907 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK56833 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK60907 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-1-7 PMC Full Text View journal details
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