Properties of unitary granule cell-->Purkinje cell synapses in adult rat cerebellar slices.

The cerebellar cortex contains huge numbers of synapses between granule cells and Purkinje cells. These synapses are thought to be a major storage site for information required to execute coordinated movements. To obtain a quantitative description of this connection, we recorded unitary synaptic responses between granule cell and Purkinje cell pairs in adult rat cerebellar slices. Our results are consistent with parallel fiber-->Purkinje cell synapses having high release probabilities and modest paired pulse facilitation. However, a wide range of response amplitudes was observed. Indeed, we detected many fewer parallel fiber connections (7% of the granule cells that were screened) than expected (54%), leading us to suggest that up to 85% of parallel fiber-->Purkinje cell synapses do not generate detectable electrical responses. We also investigated the possible role of granule cell ascending axons by recording granule cells near the Purkinje cell. A high proportion (up to 50%) of local granule cells generated detectable synaptic responses. However, most of these connections were indistinguishable from parallel fiber connections, suggesting that powerful ascending axon connections are rare. The existence of many very weak synapses would provide a mechanism for Purkinje cells to extract information selectively from the mass provided by parallel fibers.