Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 12242246 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

The control of natural variation in cytosine methylation in Arabidopsis.

Genetics ·Vol. 162 ·No. 1 ·2002-09-00 ·Pages 355-63

Riddle NC, Richards EJ

Abstract

We explore the extent and sources of epigenetic variation in cytosine methylation in natural accessions of the flowering plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, by focusing on the methylation of the major rRNA gene repeats at the two nucleolus organizer regions (NOR). Our findings indicate that natural variation in NOR methylation results from a combination of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Genetic variation in rRNA gene copy number and trans-acting modifier loci account for some of the natural variation in NOR methylation. Our results also suggest that divergence and inheritance of epigenetic information, independent of changes in underlying nucleotide sequence, may play an important role in maintaining natural variation in cytosine methylation.

MeSH Terms
Arabidopsis/genetics Blotting, Southern Cytosine/metabolism DNA Methylation Genetic Variation Quantitative Trait Loci RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
Chemicals
RNA, Ribosomal Cytosine
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Riddle Nicole C
Department of Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
Richards Eric J
References (42)
42 references, click to expand
  1. Characterization of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    J Mol Biol. 1986 Jan 20;187(2):169-83 PMID: 3701864
  2. Naturally occurring variation in Arabidopsis: an underexploited resource for plant genetics.
    Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Jan;5(1):22-9 PMID: 10637658
  3. Antibiotics induce genome-wide hypermethylation in cultured Nicotiana tabacum plants.
    J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 17;272(3):1534-40 PMID: 8999825
  4. The late flowering phenotype of fwa mutants is caused by gain-of-function epigenetic alleles of a homeodomain gene.
    Mol Cell. 2000 Oct;6(4):791-802 PMID: 11090618
  5. Two-dimensional RFLP analyses reveal megabase-sized clusters of rRNA gene variants in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting local spreading of variants as the mode for gene homogenization during concerted evolution.
    Plant J. 1996 Feb;9(2):273-82 PMID: 8820611
  6. DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development.
    Science. 1975 Jan 24;187(4173):226-32 PMID: 1111098
  7. Mobilization of transposons by a mutation abolishing full DNA methylation in Arabidopsis.
    Nature. 2001 May 10;411(6834):212-4 PMID: 11346800
  8. DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.
    Cell. 1999 Oct 29;99(3):247-57 PMID: 10555141
  9. Epigenetic codes for heterochromatin formation and silencing: rounding up the usual suspects.
    Cell. 2002 Feb 22;108(4):489-500 PMID: 11909520
  10. DNA methylation and epigenetic inheritance in plants and filamentous fungi.
    Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1070-4 PMID: 11498574
  11. Mapping mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps.
    Genetics. 1989 Jan;121(1):185-99 PMID: 2563713
  12. Two different chromatin structures coexist in ribosomal RNA genes throughout the cell cycle.
    Cell. 1989 Jun 2;57(5):753-61 PMID: 2720786
  13. The DNA methylation locus DDM1 is required for maintenance of gene silencing in Arabidopsis.
    Genes Dev. 1998 Jun 1;12(11):1714-25 PMID: 9620857
  14. DNA regions flanking the major Arabidopsis thaliana satellite are principally enriched in Athila retroelement sequences.
    Genetica. 1996 Mar;97(2):141-51 PMID: 8984010
  15. Lsh, a member of the SNF2 family, is required for genome-wide methylation.
    Genes Dev. 2001 Nov 15;15(22):2940-4 PMID: 11711429
  16. An epigenetic mutation responsible for natural variation in floral symmetry.
    Nature. 1999 Sep 9;401(6749):157-61 PMID: 10490023
  17. RFLP and physical mapping with an rDNA-specific endonuclease reveals that nucleolus organizer regions of Arabidopsis thaliana adjoin the telomeres on chromosomes 2 and 4.
    Plant J. 1996 Feb;9(2):259-72 PMID: 8820610
  18. DNA methylation, vernalization, and the initiation of flowering.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jan 1;90(1):287-91 PMID: 11607346
  19. Permutation tests for multiple loci affecting a quantitative character.
    Genetics. 1996 Jan;142(1):285-94 PMID: 8770605
  20. Sequence and organization of 5S ribosomal RNA-encoding genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Gene. 1992 Mar 15;112(2):225-8 PMID: 1348233
  21. Developmental abnormalities and epimutations associated with DNA hypomethylation mutations.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 29;93(22):12406-11 PMID: 8901594
  22. A gene essential for de novo methylation and development in Ascobolus reveals a novel type of eukaryotic DNA methyltransferase structure.
    Cell. 1997 Oct 17;91(2):281-90 PMID: 9346245
  23. Demethylation-induced developmental pleiotropy in Arabidopsis.
    Science. 1996 Aug 2;273(5275):654-7 PMID: 8662558
  24. DNA hypomethylation leads to elevated mutation rates.
    Nature. 1998 Sep 3;395(6697):89-93 PMID: 9738504
  25. Chromatin structures and transcription of rDNA in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 May 25;21(10):2331-8 PMID: 8506130
  26. Mutations in ATRX, encoding a SWI/SNF-like protein, cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation.
    Nat Genet. 2000 Apr;24(4):368-71 PMID: 10742099
  27. Stability and inheritance of methylation states at PstI sites in Pisum.
    Mol Genet Genomics. 2001 May;265(3):497-507 PMID: 11405633
  28. Developmental changes in DNA methylation of the two tobacco pollen nuclei during maturation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11721-5 PMID: 9326677
  29. A histone H3 methyltransferase controls DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa.
    Nature. 2001 Nov 15;414(6861):277-83 PMID: 11713521
  30. Regulation of cytosine methylation in ribosomal DNA and nucleolus organizer expression in wheat.
    J Mol Biol. 1988 Dec 5;204(3):523-34 PMID: 3225844
  31. Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality.
    Cell. 1992 Jun 12;69(6):915-26 PMID: 1606615
  32. Temporal and regional changes in DNA methylation in the embryonic, extraembryonic and germ cell lineages during mouse embryo development.
    Development. 1987 Mar;99(3):371-82 PMID: 3653008
  33. Reduced DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana results in abnormal plant development.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 6;93(16):8449-54 PMID: 8710891
  34. Arabidopsis thaliana DNA methylation mutants.
    Science. 1993 Jun 25;260(5116):1926-8 PMID: 8316832
  35. Control of CpNpG DNA methylation by the KRYPTONITE histone H3 methyltransferase.
    Nature. 2002 Apr 4;416(6880):556-60 PMID: 11898023
  36. Hypermethylated SUPERMAN epigenetic alleles in arabidopsis.
    Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1100-3 PMID: 9262479
  37. Development of an AFLP based linkage map of Ler, Col and Cvi Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and construction of a Ler/Cvi recombinant inbred line population.
    Plant J. 1998 Apr;14(2):259-71 PMID: 9628021
  38. The DNA methyltransferases of mammals.
    Hum Mol Genet. 2000 Oct;9(16):2395-402 PMID: 11005794
  39. Meiotically and mitotically stable inheritance of DNA hypomethylation induced by ddm1 mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Genetics. 1999 Feb;151(2):831-8 PMID: 9927473
  40. Short TpA-rich segments of the zeta-eta region induce DNA methylation in Neurospora crassa.
    J Mol Biol. 2000 Jul 7;300(2):249-73 PMID: 10873464
  41. Tandem B1 elements located in a mouse methylation center provide a target for de novo DNA methylation.
    J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 17;274(51):36357-61 PMID: 10593928
  42. Ectopic hypermethylation of flower-specific genes in Arabidopsis.
    Curr Biol. 2000 Feb 24;10(4):179-86 PMID: 10704409
Article Info
Journal
Genetics
Abbr.
Genetics
ISSN
0016-6731
Published
2002-09-00
Pages
355-63
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0374636
PMCID
PMC1462236
Subset
IM
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com