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PMID: 11875048 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Different evolutionary processes shaped the mouse and human olfactory receptor gene families.

Human molecular genetics ·Vol. 11 ·No. 5 ·2002-03-01 ·Pages 535-46

Young JM, Friedman C, Williams EM, Ross JA, Tonnes-Priddy L, Trask BJ

Abstract

We report a comprehensive comparative analysis of human and mouse olfactory receptor (OR) genes. The OR family is the largest mammalian gene family known. We identify approximately 93% of an estimated 1500 mouse ORs, exceeding previous estimates and the number of human ORs by 50%. Only 20% are pseudogenes, giving a functional OR repertoire in mice that is three times larger than that of human. The proteins encoded by intact human ORs are less highly conserved than those of mouse, in patterns that suggest that even some apparently intact human OR genes may encode non-functional proteins. Mouse ORs are clustered in 46 genomic locations, compared to a much more dispersed pattern in human. We find orthologous clusters at syntenic human locations for most mouse genes, indicating that most OR gene clusters predate primate-rodent divergence. However, many recent local OR duplications in both genomes obscure one-to-one orthologous relationships, thereby complicating cross-species inferences about OR-ligand interactions. Local duplications are the major force shaping the gene family. Recent interchromosomal duplications of ORs have also occurred, but much more frequently in human than in mouse. In addition to clarifying the evolutionary forces shaping this gene family, our study provides the basis for functional studies of the transcriptional regulation and ligand-binding capabilities of the OR gene family.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial Conserved Sequence Evolution, Molecular Humans Mice/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Phylogeny Pseudogenes Receptors, Odorant/genetics Sequence Alignment Smell/genetics Synteny Tandem Repeat Sequences
Chemicals
Receptors, Odorant
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Young Janet M
Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., C3-168, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Friedman Cynthia
Williams Eleanor M
Ross Joseph A
Tonnes-Priddy Lori
Trask Barbara J
Article Info
Journal
Human molecular genetics
Abbr.
Hum Mol Genet
ISSN
0964-6906
Published
2002-03-01
Pages
535-46
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9208958
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDCD NIH HHS · R01 DC04209 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
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