Abstract
We have engineered the ecdysone-inducible mammalian expression system for general retroviral delivery to cultured mammalian cells. We inducibly expressed PTEN in the glioblastoma cell line, U87MG, lacking this gene. Because nearly all cells are recruited on induction, we find both up- and down-regulated genes by cDNA microarray analysis. The changes we see are similar to those observed after treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase, fully consistent with the model that PTEN antagonizes phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase. Both treatments result in suppressed expression of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta gene and the genes of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Our results illustrate the power of using a fully inducible expression system in conjunction with cDNA microarray analysis for exploring gene function.
MeSH Terms
Ecdysone/biosynthesis
Flow Cytometry
Gene Expression Profiling
Genes, Tumor Suppressor
Genetic Vectors
Humans
PTEN Phosphohydrolase
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics
Retroviridae/genetics
Transcription, Genetic
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
Chemicals
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Ecdysone
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
PTEN Phosphohydrolase
PTEN protein, human
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Stolarov J
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, P.O. Box 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
Chang K
Reiner A
Rodgers L
Hannon G J
Wigler M H
Mittal V
References (20)
20 references, click to expand
-
Fluorescent proteins in single- and multicolor flow cytometry.
Methods Enzymol. 1999;302:189-99
PMID: 12876771
-
PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 suppresses the tumorigenicity and induces G1 cell cycle arrest in human glioblastoma cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 22;95(26):15406-11
PMID: 9860981
-
A series of mammalian expression vectors and characterisation of their expression of a reporter gene in stably and transiently transfected cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Feb 25;18(4):1068
PMID: 2156225
-
Advanced mammalian gene transfer: high titre retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jun 25;18(12):3587-96
PMID: 2194165
-
Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray.
Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):467-70
PMID: 7569999
-
Ecdysone-inducible gene expression in mammalian cells and transgenic mice.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 16;93(8):3346-51
PMID: 8622939
-
PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer.
Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1943-7
PMID: 9072974
-
Identification of a candidate tumour suppressor gene, MMAC1, at chromosome 10q23.3 that is mutated in multiple advanced cancers.
Nat Genet. 1997 Apr;15(4):356-62
PMID: 9090379
-
Germline mutations of the PTEN gene in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome.
Nat Genet. 1997 May;16(1):64-7
PMID: 9140396
-
TEP1, encoded by a candidate tumor suppressor locus, is a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase regulated by transforming growth factor beta.
Cancer Res. 1997 Jun 1;57(11):2124-9
PMID: 9187108
-
Germline mutations in the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in patients with Cowden disease.
Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Aug;6(8):1383-7
PMID: 9259288
-
P-TEN, the tumor suppressor from human chromosome 10q23, is a dual-specificity phosphatase.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 19;94(17):9052-7
PMID: 9256433
-
Inducible gene expression in mammalian cells and transgenic mice.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 1997 Oct;8(5):608-16
PMID: 9353233
-
Inherited mutations in PTEN that are associated with breast cancer, cowden disease, and juvenile polyposis.
Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Dec;61(6):1254-60
PMID: 9399897
-
Genetic analysis using genomic representations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 14;95(8):4487-92
PMID: 9539764
-
The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate.
J Biol Chem. 1998 May 29;273(22):13375-8
PMID: 9593664
-
Myc activates telomerase.
Genes Dev. 1998 Jun 15;12(12):1769-74
PMID: 9637678
-
Negative regulation of PKB/Akt-dependent cell survival by the tumor suppressor PTEN.
Cell. 1998 Oct 2;95(1):29-39
PMID: 9778245
-
The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN is critical for its tumor supressor function.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 10;95(23):13513-8
PMID: 9811831
-
Self-inactivating retroviral vectors designed for transfer of whole genes into mammalian cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3194-8
PMID: 3458176