Abstract
In the early Xenopus embryo, the Xiro homeodomain proteins of the Iroquois (Iro) family control the expression of proneural genes and the size of the neural plate. We report that Xiro1 functions as a repressor that is strictly required for neural differentiation, even when the BMP4 pathway is impaired. We also show that Xiro1 and Bmp4 repress each other. Consistently, Xiro1 and Bmp4 have complementary patterns of expression during gastrulation. The expression of Xiro1 requires Wnt signaling. Thus, Xiro1 is probably a mediator of the known downregulation of Bmp4 by Wnt signaling.
MeSH Terms
Animals
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors,genetics,metabolism
Cell Differentiation
Cell Lineage
DNA/genetics,metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors,genetics,metabolism
Down-Regulation
Ectoderm/metabolism
Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology,metabolism
Gastrula/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
HMGB Proteins
Histocytochemistry
Homeodomain Proteins/genetics,metabolism
In Situ Hybridization
Mesoderm/metabolism
Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
Nervous System/embryology,metabolism
Neuropilin-1
Nuclear Proteins/genetics
Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
RNA, Messenger/genetics,metabolism
Repressor Proteins/genetics,metabolism
SOXB1 Transcription Factors
Signal Transduction
Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors,genetics,metabolism
Wnt Proteins
Xenopus/embryology,genetics
Xenopus Proteins
Zebrafish Proteins
Chemicals
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
DNA-Binding Proteins
HMGB Proteins
Homeodomain Proteins
IRX2 protein, Xenopus
Nerve Tissue Proteins
Nuclear Proteins
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
RNA, Messenger
Repressor Proteins
SOXB1 Transcription Factors
Transcription Factors
Wnt Proteins
Xenopus Proteins
Xiro1 protein, Xenopus
Zebrafish Proteins
bmp4 protein, Xenopus
bmp4 protein, zebrafish
sox2 protein, Xenopus
Neuropilin-1
DNA
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gómez-Skarmeta J
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain. jlgomez@cbm.uam.es
de La Calle-Mustienes E
Modolell J