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PMID: 10617198 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nature ·Vol. 402 ·No. 6763 ·1999-12-16 ·Pages 769-77

Mayer K, Schüller C, Wambutt R, Murphy G, Volckaert G, Pohl T, Düsterhöft A, Stiekema W, Entian KD, Terryn N, Harris B, Ansorge W, Brandt P, Grivell L, Rieger M, Weichselgartner M, de Simone V, Obermaier B, Mache R, Müller M, Kreis M, Delseny M, Puigdomenech P, Watson M, Schmidtheini T, Reichert B, Portatelle D, Perez-Alonso M, Boutry M, Bancroft I, Vos P, Hoheisel J, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Ridley P, Langham SA, McCullagh B, Bilham L, Robben J, Van der Schueren J, Grymonprez B, Chuang YJ, Vandenbussche F, Braeken M, Weltjens I, Voet M, Bastiaens I, Aert R, Defoor E, Weitzenegger T, Bothe G, Ramsperger U, Hilbert H, Braun M, Holzer E, Brandt A, Peters S, van Staveren M, Dirske W, Mooijman P, Klein Lankhorst R, Rose M, Hauf J, Kötter P, Berneiser S, Hempel S, Feldpausch M, Lamberth S, Van den Daele H, De Keyser A, Buysshaert C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, De Clercq R, Van Montagu M, Rogers J, Cronin A, Quail M, Bray-Allen S, Clark L, Doggett J, Hall S, Kay M, Lennard N, McLay K, Mayes R, Pettett A, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Benes V, Rechmann S, Borkova D, Blöcker H, Scharfe M, Grimm M, Löhnert TH, Dose S, de Haan M, Maarse A, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Fartmann B, Granderath K, Dauner D, Herzl A, Neumann S, Argiriou A, Vitale D, Liguori R, Piravandi E, Massenet O, Quigley F, Clabauld G, Mündlein A, Felber R, Schnabl S, Hiller R, Schmidt W, Lecharny A, Aubourg S, Chefdor F, Cooke R, Berger C, Montfort A, Casacuberta E, Gibbons T, Weber N, Vandenbol M, Bargues M, Terol J, Torres A, Perez-Perez A, Purnelle B, Bent E, Johnson S, Tacon D, Jesse T, Heijnen L, Schwarz S, Scholler P, Heber S, Francs P, Bielke C, Frishman D, Haase D, Lemcke K, Mewes HW, Stocker S, Zaccaria P, Bevan M, Wilson RK, de la Bastide M, Habermann K, Parnell L, Dedhia N, Gnoj L, Schutz K, Huang E, Spiegel L, Sehkon M, Murray J, Sheet P, Cordes M, Abu-Threideh J, Stoneking T, Kalicki J, Graves T, Harmon G, Edwards J, Latreille P, Courtney L, Cloud J, Abbott A, Scott K, Johnson D, Minx P, Bentley D, Fulton B, Miller N, Greco T, Kemp K, Kramer J, Fulton L, Mardis E, Dante M, Pepin K, Hillier L, Nelson J, Spieth J, Ryan E, Andrews S, Geisel C, Layman D, Du H, Ali J, Berghoff A, Jones K, Drone K, Cotton M, Joshu C, Antonoiu B, Zidanic M, Strong C, Sun H, Lamar B, Yordan C, Ma P, Zhong J, Preston R, Vil D, Shekher M, Matero A, Shah R, Swaby IK, O'Shaughnessy A, Rodriguez M, Hoffmann J, Till S, Granat S, Shohdy N, Hasegawa A, Hameed A, Lodhi M, Johnson A, Chen E, Marra M, Martienssen R, McCombie WR

Abstract

The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we report one of the first milestones of this project, the sequence of chromosome 4. Analysis of 17.38 megabases of unique sequence, representing about 17% of the genome, reveals 3,744 protein coding genes, 81 transfer RNAs and numerous repeat elements. Heterochromatic regions surrounding the putative centromere, which has not yet been completely sequenced, are characterized by an increased frequency of a variety of repeats, new repeats, reduced recombination, lowered gene density and lowered gene expression. Roughly 60% of the predicted protein-coding genes have been functionally characterized on the basis of their homology to known genes. Many genes encode predicted proteins that are homologous to human and Caenorhabditis elegans proteins.

MeSH Terms
Animals Arabidopsis/genetics Chromosomes Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 DNA, Plant Genes, Plant/physiology Heterochromatin Humans Molecular Sequence Data Multigene Family Plant Proteins/chemistry,genetics Protein Conformation Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Chemicals
DNA, Plant Heterochromatin Plant Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
230 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Mayer K
GSF-Forschungszentrum f. Umwelt u. Gesundheit, Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences am Max-Planck-Institut f. Biochemie, Germany.
Schüller C
Wambutt R
Murphy G
Volckaert G
Pohl T
Düsterhöft A
Stiekema W
Entian K D
Terryn N
Harris B
Ansorge W
Brandt P
Grivell L
Rieger M
Weichselgartner M
de Simone V
Obermaier B
Mache R
Müller M
Kreis M
Delseny M
Puigdomenech P
Watson M
Schmidtheini T
Reichert B
Portatelle D
Perez-Alonso M
Boutry M
Bancroft I
Vos P
Hoheisel J
Zimmermann W
Wedler H
Ridley P
Langham S A
McCullagh B
Bilham L
Robben J
Van der Schueren J
Grymonprez B
Chuang Y J
Vandenbussche F
Braeken M
Weltjens I
Voet M
Bastiaens I
Aert R
Defoor E
Weitzenegger T
Bothe G
Ramsperger U
Hilbert H
Braun M
Holzer E
Brandt A
Peters S
van Staveren M
Dirske W
Mooijman P
Klein Lankhorst R
Rose M
Hauf J
Kötter P
Berneiser S
Hempel S
Feldpausch M
Lamberth S
Van den Daele H
De Keyser A
Buysshaert C
Gielen J
Villarroel R
De Clercq R
Van Montagu M
Rogers J
Cronin A
Quail M
Bray-Allen S
Clark L
Doggett J
Hall S
Kay M
Lennard N
McLay K
Mayes R
Pettett A
Rajandream M A
Lyne M
Benes V
Rechmann S
Borkova D
Blöcker H
Scharfe M
Grimm M
Löhnert T H
Dose S
de Haan M
Maarse A
Schäfer M
Müller-Auer S
Gabel C
Fuchs M
Fartmann B
Granderath K
Dauner D
Herzl A
Neumann S
Argiriou A
Vitale D
Liguori R
Piravandi E
Massenet O
Quigley F
Clabauld G
Mündlein A
Felber R
Schnabl S
Hiller R
Schmidt W
Lecharny A
Aubourg S
Chefdor F
Cooke R
Berger C
Montfort A
Casacuberta E
Gibbons T
Weber N
Vandenbol M
Bargues M
Terol J
Torres A
Perez-Perez A
Purnelle B
Bent E
Johnson S
Tacon D
Jesse T
Heijnen L
Schwarz S
Scholler P
Heber S
Francs P
Bielke C
Frishman D
Haase D
Lemcke K
Mewes H W
Stocker S
Zaccaria P
Bevan M
Wilson R K
de la Bastide M
Habermann K
Parnell L
Dedhia N
Gnoj L
Schutz K
Huang E
Spiegel L
Sehkon M
Murray J
Sheet P
Cordes M
Abu-Threideh J
Stoneking T
Kalicki J
Graves T
Harmon G
Edwards J
Latreille P
Courtney L
Cloud J
Abbott A
Scott K
Johnson D
Minx P
Bentley D
Fulton B
Miller N
Greco T
Kemp K
Kramer J
Fulton L
Mardis E
Dante M
Pepin K
Hillier L
Nelson J
Spieth J
Ryan E
Andrews S
Geisel C
Layman D
Du H
Ali J
Berghoff A
Jones K
Drone K
Cotton M
Joshu C
Antonoiu B
Zidanic M
Strong C
Sun H
Lamar B
Yordan C
Ma P
Zhong J
Preston R
Vil D
Shekher M
Matero A
Shah R
Swaby I K
O'Shaughnessy A
Rodriguez M
Hoffmann J
Till S
Granat S
Shohdy N
Hasegawa A
Hameed A
Lodhi M
Johnson A
Chen E
Marra M
Martienssen R
McCombie W R
Article Info
Journal
Nature
Abbr.
Nature
ISSN
0028-0836
Published
1999-12-16
Pages
769-77
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0410462
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AJ270058, AJ270060
Corrections
CommentIn
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