Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against novel components of macrophage phagosomes.

In order to identify novel proteins associated with various stages of macrophage phagocytosis, we have generated monoclonal antibodies that recognize phagosomes. Purified Fc receptor-mediated phagosomes, isolated by feeding IgG-conjugated magnetic beads to LPS-primed murine peritoneal macrophages, were used as the immunogen. An immunofluorescence screen was used to isolate and single-cell clone approximately 150 monoclonal antibodies that recognize mouse macrophage phagosomes as well as labeling other cellular components in patterns which are frequently distinct from those observed with previously characterized phagosome-associated proteins. Predominant morphological categories (in addition to phagosome labeling) include staining of one or more of the following: cytoskeletal patterns, vesicular patterns and plasma membrane localization. In this paper, we describe the antibody screen, preliminary characterization of the antibodies and our identification of the antigens for three representative monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies identify a plasma membrane associated receptor (Mac-1, a subunit of the complement receptor), an actin binding protein (coronin-2) and a vesicular protein (amphiphysin II). Some of the antibodies recognize many cell types, whereas other antibodies are apparently macrophage specific as assessed by flow cytometry and histology. Remarkably, several of the antibodies cross-react with the phagocytic slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, recognizing phagosomes and other cellular elements as assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoblots. These results indicate that macrophage phagocytosis has both conserved ancestral features and unique specialized aspects associated with the role of these phagocytes in immunity.