Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 10090721 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Six3 overexpression initiates the formation of ectopic retina.

Genes & development ·Vol. 13 ·No. 6 ·1999-03-15 ·Pages 649-54

Loosli F, Winkler S, Wittbrodt J

Abstract

The homeobox gene sine oculis (so) is essential for visual system formation in Drosophila. A vertebrate member of the so/Six gene family, Six3, is expressed in the developing eye and forebrain. Injection of Six3 RNA into medaka fish embryos causes ectopic Pax6 and Rx2 expression in midbrain and cerebellum, resulting in the formation of ectopic retinal primordia. Injected mouse Six3 RNA initiates ectopic expression of endogenous medaka Six3, uncovering a feedback control of Six3 expression. Initiation of ectopic retina formation reveals a pivotal role for Six3 in vertebrate retina development and hints at a conserved regulatory network underlying vertebrate and invertebrate eye development.

MeSH Terms
Animals Base Sequence DNA Primers Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism Eye Proteins Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Homeodomain Proteins/genetics Mice Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics Oryzias/embryology RNA/administration & dosage Retina/embryology,metabolism Transcription, Genetic
Chemicals
DNA Primers Eye Proteins Homeodomain Proteins Nerve Tissue Proteins Sine oculis homeobox homolog 3 protein RNA
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Loosli F
Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) Junior Group, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, c/o Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Winkler S
Wittbrodt J
References (34)
34 references, click to expand
  1. Six3, a medaka homologue of the Drosophila homeobox gene sine oculis is expressed in the anterior embryonic shield and the developing eye.
    Mech Dev. 1998 Jun;74(1-2):159-64 PMID: 9651515
  2. The optx2 homeobox gene is expressed in early precursors of the eye and activates retina-specific genes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 1;95(18):10643-8 PMID: 9724757
  3. Mouse small eye results from mutations in a paired-like homeobox-containing gene.
    Nature. 1991 Dec 19-26;354(6354):522-5 PMID: 1684639
  4. Positional cloning and characterization of a paired box- and homeobox-containing gene from the aniridia region.
    Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1059-74 PMID: 1684738
  5. Nested expression domains of four homeobox genes in developing rostral brain.
    Nature. 1992 Aug 20;358(6388):687-90 PMID: 1353865
  6. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles: a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells.
    Development. 1994 Mar;120(3):603-12 PMID: 8162858
  7. The Drosophila sine oculis locus encodes a homeodomain-containing protein required for the development of the entire visual system.
    Neuron. 1994 May;12(5):977-96 PMID: 7910468
  8. Homology of the eyeless gene of Drosophila to the Small eye gene in mice and Aniridia in humans.
    Science. 1994 Aug 5;265(5173):785-9 PMID: 7914031
  9. A mutation in the Pax-6 gene in rat small eye is associated with impaired migration of midbrain crest cells.
    Nat Genet. 1993 Apr;3(4):299-304 PMID: 7981749
  10. Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila.
    Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1788-92 PMID: 7892602
  11. Expression of two zebrafish orthodenticle-related genes in the embryonic brain.
    Mech Dev. 1994 Dec;48(3):229-44 PMID: 7893604
  12. Different spatio-temporal expressions of three otx homeoprotein transcripts during zebrafish embryogenesis.
    Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Dec;27(2):221-31 PMID: 7898305
  13. Homeobox genes and connective tissue patterning.
    Development. 1995 Mar;121(3):693-705 PMID: 7720577
  14. Forebrain and midbrain regions are deleted in Otx2-/- mutants due to a defective anterior neuroectoderm specification during gastrulation.
    Development. 1995 Oct;121(10):3279-90 PMID: 7588062
  15. Mouse Otx2 functions in the formation and patterning of rostral head.
    Genes Dev. 1995 Nov 1;9(21):2646-58 PMID: 7590242
  16. New perspectives on eye evolution.
    Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1995 Oct;5(5):602-9 PMID: 8664548
  17. Six3, a murine homologue of the sine oculis gene, demarcates the most anterior border of the developing neural plate and is expressed during eye development.
    Development. 1995 Dec;121(12):4045-55 PMID: 8575305
  18. A targeted mouse Otx2 mutation leads to severe defects in gastrulation and formation of axial mesoderm and to deletion of rostral brain.
    Development. 1996 Jan;122(1):243-52 PMID: 8565836
  19. Structure, function and expression of a murine homeobox protein AREC3, a homologue of Drosophila sine oculis gene product, and implication in development.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1996 Jan 15;24(2):303-10 PMID: 8628654
  20. Multiple functions for Pax6 in mouse eye and nasal development.
    Genes Dev. 1996 Feb 15;10(4):435-46 PMID: 8600027
  21. Identification and expression of six family genes in mouse retina.
    FEBS Lett. 1996 Sep 16;393(2-3):259-63 PMID: 8814301
  22. Mouse Eya homologues of the Drosophila eyes absent gene require Pax6 for expression in lens and nasal placode.
    Development. 1997 Jan;124(1):219-31 PMID: 9006082
  23. Ectopic lens induction in fish in response to the murine homeobox gene Six3.
    Mech Dev. 1996 Dec;60(2):233-9 PMID: 9025075
  24. The Rx homeobox gene is essential for vertebrate eye development.
    Nature. 1997 Jun 5;387(6633):603-7 PMID: 9177348
  25. Medaka spalt acts as a target gene of hedgehog signaling.
    Development. 1997 Aug;124(16):3147-56 PMID: 9272955
  26. Eye development: governed by a dictator or a junta?
    Cell. 1997 Dec 26;91(7):861-4 PMID: 9428507
  27. The eye-specification proteins So and Eya form a complex and regulate multiple steps in Drosophila eye development.
    Cell. 1997 Dec 26;91(7):881-91 PMID: 9428512
  28. Dachshund and eyes absent proteins form a complex and function synergistically to induce ectopic eye development in Drosophila.
    Cell. 1997 Dec 26;91(7):893-903 PMID: 9428513
  29. Expression pattern of cSix3, a member of the Six/sine oculis family of transcription factors.
    Mech Dev. 1998 Jan;70(1-2):201-3 PMID: 9510037
  30. Tissue and developmental distribution of Six family gene products.
    Int J Dev Biol. 1998 Mar;42(2):141-8 PMID: 9551859
  31. Expression of two zebrafish homologues of the murine Six3 gene demarcates the initial eye primordia.
    Mech Dev. 1998 Apr;73(1):45-57 PMID: 9545529
  32. Eyeless initiates the expression of both sine oculis and eyes absent during Drosophila compound eye development.
    Development. 1998 Jun;125(12):2181-91 PMID: 9584118
  33. Overexpression of the forebrain-specific homeobox gene six3 induces rostral forebrain enlargement in zebrafish.
    Development. 1998 Aug;125(15):2973-82 PMID: 9655819
  34. Small eyes (Sey): a homozygous lethal mutation on chromosome 2 which affects the differentiation of both lens and nasal placodes in the mouse.
    J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1986 Sep;97:95-110 PMID: 3794606
Article Info
Journal
Genes & development
Abbr.
Genes Dev
ISSN
0890-9369
DOI
10.1101/gad.13.6.649
Published
1999-03-15
Pages
649-54
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8711660
PMCID
PMC316553
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AJ007939, AJ132403
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1101/gad.13.6.649 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2