UCP1(解偶联蛋白1,Uncoupling Protein 1)是一种线粒体内膜蛋白,属于解偶联蛋白家族(UCP家族),该家族还包括UCP2、UCP3等成员,其共性是调节线粒体呼吸链中质子漏(proton leak),影响能量代谢效率。UCP1主要表达于棕色脂肪组织(BAT),通过解偶联氧化磷酸化过程(即分离电子传递与ATP合成),将能量以热能形式释放,这一过程称为非颤抖性产热(non-shivering thermogenesis),对维持恒温动物的体温至关重要。其功能特点是利用脂肪酸激活质子转运,绕过ATP合成酶,直接耗散质子梯度产热。主要作用位点是线粒体内膜,通过形成质子通道发挥作用。UCP1基因突变可能导致产热功能障碍,例如某些突变与肥胖或代谢低下相关,而过度激活则可能增加能量消耗。UCP1表达水平与代谢疾病密切相关:若过表达(如寒冷刺激或β-肾上腺素能受体激活时),会增强产热、促进脂肪分解,可能改善肥胖和胰岛素抵抗;反之,表达降低(如衰老或肥胖状态下)可能导致代谢率下降、脂肪积累。UCP1还与2型糖尿病、甲状腺功能异常等疾病相关,因其影响全身能量平衡。UCP家族其他成员(如UCP2)虽也参与代谢调节,但分布更广泛(如免疫细胞、脑组织),功能更复杂,涉及抗氧化、调控胰岛素分泌等。目前针对UCP1的研究集中于肥胖治疗,例如通过药物或冷暴露诱导其活性。需注意术语“解偶联”(uncoupling)指能量生成与ATP合成的分离,“质子漏”指氢离子不通过ATP合成酶而回流至线粒体基质。中文术语“非颤抖性产热”对应英文non-shivering thermogenesis。
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis with energy dissipated as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. This gene is expressed only in brown adipose tissue, a specialized tissue which functions to produce heat. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
线粒体解偶联蛋白(UCP)是家庭线粒体阴离子载体蛋白(MACP)的成员。从ATP合成与作为热量耗散能量解偶联蛋白分离氧化磷酸化,也被称为线粒体质子泄漏。解偶联蛋白促进阴离子从内转移至线粒体外膜以及从外质子的返回转移到线粒体内膜。它们还降低在哺乳动物细胞中的线粒体膜电位。组织特异性发生了不同解偶联蛋白及解偶联蛋白转移H + / OH-如何不知道确切的方法。解偶联蛋白含有MACPs的三个同源蛋白结构域。该基因只在褐色脂肪组织中,一个专门的组织,其功能以产生热量表示。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
UCP1基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
UCP1基因的本体(GO)信息:
名称 |
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3320 PPAR signaling pathway [PATH:hsa03320] |
5016 Huntington's disease [PATH:hsa05016] |
名称 |
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Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins |
Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins |
The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport |
The fatty acid cycling model |
The proton buffering model |
疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
Obesity | 0.164419454 | 67 | 1 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
Peripheral Neuropathy | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
Prediabetes syndrome | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent | 0.020183845 | 16 | 5 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
body mass | 0.01183516 | 5 | 0 | GAD |
Hypertensive disease | 0.005634266 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
Atherosclerosis | 0.005276948 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
Metabolic Syndrome X | 0.003995683 | 7 | 6 | BeFree_GAD |
Diabetic Nephropathy | 0.002995792 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
Kidney Failure, Chronic | 0.002638474 | 2 | 3 | BeFree_GAD |
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