CACNA1H基因编码T型电压门控钙通道的α1H亚基(Cav3.2),属于CACNA1基因家族(电压门控钙通道家族)。该家族成员通过形成钙离子通道参与电信号传导,特点是低电压激活、快速失活,主要调控神经元兴奋性和内分泌细胞分泌。CACNA1H在心脏窦房结、丘脑、肾上腺等组织高表达,其功能包括调节心律、丘脑皮层振荡(与睡眠和癫痫相关)及醛固酮合成。突变可导致通道功能异常:增益性突变(功能增强)与儿童失神癫痫、原发性醛固酮增多症相关,表现为异常电活动和激素过度分泌;而功能丧失突变可能引发心动过缓。过表达时,CACNA1H会增加细胞钙内流,导致神经元过度兴奋(如癫痫发作阈值降低)或醛固酮过量分泌(引发高血压);表达降低则可能影响心脏起搏和神经节律,如窦房结功能障碍。该基因与SCN8A等钠通道基因存在功能协同,其异常表达可能干扰离子通道网络平衡。基因家族共性为均含4个重复跨膜结构域,形成选择性钙离子孔道,受膜电位变化调控。目前中文术语"电压门控"(voltage-gated)存在争议,偶被译为"电压依赖性",但前者更通用。
This gene encodes a T-type member of the alpha-1 subunit family, a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. The alpha-1 subunit has 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. There are multiple isoforms of each of the proteins in the complex, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized for the gene described here. Studies suggest certain mutations in this gene lead to childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
该基因编码的α-1亚单位家族的T型构件,在电压依赖性钙通道的复杂的蛋白。钙通道介导的钙离子的流入在膜极化的细胞,并且由α-1,α-2 /三角,β的复合体,以及在一个1伽马亚基:1:1:1的比例。 α-1亚单位具有24跨膜片段,并且形成通过该离子传递进入细胞的孔。有各自的复合物中的蛋白质的多个同种型,由不同的基因或转录物的可变剪接的结果要么编码。备用转录剪接变体,编码不同同种型,已经表征了这里所描述的基因。研究表明这种基因导致儿童失神癫痫(CAE),某些突变。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
CACNA1H基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
CACNA1H基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4010 MAPK signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04010] |
| 4020 Calcium signaling pathway [PATH:hsa04020] |
| 4713 Circadian entrainment [PATH:hsa04713] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Axon guidance |
| Developmental Biology |
| NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth |
| NCAM1 interactions |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| EPILEPSY, CHILDHOOD ABSENCE, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 6 | 0.24 | 2 | 7 | CLINVAR_UNIPROT |
| Absence Epilepsy | 0.130801593 | 11 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Autistic Disorder | 0.122367032 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human_GAD |
| Conn Syndrome | 0.120542884 | 2 | 1 | BeFree_CLINVAR |
| EPILEPSY, IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 6 | 0.12 | 0 | 2 | CLINVAR |
| Hyperalgesia | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Epilepsy, Generalized | 0.005905708 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
| Epilepsy | 0.005276948 | 4 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Prostatic Neoplasms | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Mammary Neoplasms | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
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