In recent years, the high incidence of lung cancer has made the disease one of the principal causes of death in human beings. The significance of cancer morbidity in China, which holds 1/4 of the population on the globe, is naturally an issue of concern to the health organizations all over the world. As the incidence of cancer tends to rise with every passing day, China is likely to follow the track of the industrialized countries, and lung cancer will top the list of incidence and cause of death of all cancers in urban areas. Presented in this paper are the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China, which is intended to promote mutual understanding and to facilitate cooperation and research, so as to upgrade the effective control of lung cancer.