HLA-E(人类白细胞抗原E)属于主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)I类基因家族,该家族在免疫系统中起核心作用,负责抗原呈递以激活T细胞。HLA-E与其他MHC I类分子(如HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-C)具有相似结构,但其功能更为特殊。HLA-E主要表达于细胞表面,其独特之处在于它主要结合来自其他MHC I类分子的信号肽而非传统的外源肽段。HLA-E通过与自然杀伤(NK)细胞表面的CD94/NKG2A受体结合,传递抑制信号,从而抑制NK细胞的杀伤活性,维持免疫耐受并防止自身免疫攻击。HLA-E在胎盘、免疫豁免组织(如眼睛和睾丸)以及某些肿瘤细胞中高表达,可能帮助这些组织逃避免疫监视。HLA-E的突变可能导致其与NK细胞受体的结合能力改变,可能引发自身免疫疾病或增加感染风险。例如,某些HLA-E变异体与巨细胞病毒感染易感性相关。HLA-E过表达可能抑制免疫反应,使机体更容易受到病原体侵袭或促进肿瘤免疫逃逸;而HLA-E表达降低可能导致NK细胞过度激活,增加自身免疫疾病风险。HLA-E在移植免疫中也起重要作用,其匹配程度可能影响移植排斥或移植物抗宿主病的发生。此外,HLA-E在病毒感染(如HIV和乙肝病毒)期间可能被下调,使感染细胞更容易被NK细胞清除。HLA-E基因家族(MHC I类)的共同特点是编码细胞表面糖蛋白,参与抗原呈递和免疫调节,但HLA-E更专注于调控NK细胞功能而非传统T细胞应答。研究HLA-E有助于开发针对感染、癌症和自身免疫疾病的新疗法,例如通过调节HLA-E表达或功能来增强或抑制免疫反应。
HLA-E belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-E binds a restricted subset of peptides derived from the leader peptides of other class I molecules. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domains, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
HLA-E属于HLA I类重链旁系同源基??因。这个I类分子是由一个重链和一个轻链(β-2微球蛋白)的异源二聚体。重链被锚定在膜中。 HLA-E结合从其他我类分子的前导肽衍生肽受限制的子集。重链是大约45 kDa和其基因含有8个外显子。外显子1编码前导肽,外显子2和3编码的α1和α2结构域,其中两个结合肽,外显子4编码素α3域,外显子5编码跨膜区,和外显子6和7编码的胞质尾区。 [由RefSeq的,2008年7月提供]
HLA-E基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
HLA-E基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 4514 Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) [PATH:hsa04514] |
| 4144 Endocytosis [PATH:hsa04144] |
| 4145 Phagosome [PATH:hsa04145] |
| 4650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity [PATH:hsa04650] |
| 4612 Antigen processing and presentation [PATH:hsa04612] |
| 5203 Viral carcinogenesis [PATH:hsa05203] |
| 5320 Autoimmune thyroid disease [PATH:hsa05320] |
| 5330 Allograft rejection [PATH:hsa05330] |
| 5332 Graft-versus-host disease [PATH:hsa05332] |
| 5416 Viral myocarditis [PATH:hsa05416] |
| 4940 Type I diabetes mellitus [PATH:hsa04940] |
| 5166 HTLV-I infection [PATH:hsa05166] |
| 5168 Herpes simplex infection [PATH:hsa05168] |
| 5169 Epstein-Barr virus infection [PATH:hsa05169] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| Adaptive Immune System |
| Antigen Presentation: Folding, assembly and peptide loading of class I MHC |
| Antigen processing-Cross presentation |
| Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation |
| Cytokine Signaling in Immune system |
| DAP12 interactions |
| DAP12 signaling |
| Endosomal/Vacuolar pathway |
| ER-Phagosome pathway |
| Immune System |
| Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell |
| Innate Immune System |
| Interferon alpha/beta signaling |
| Interferon gamma signaling |
| Interferon Signaling |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Parapsoriasis | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Myocardial Ischemia | 0.080271442 | 2 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_mouse |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent | 0.02904428 | 107 | 0 | BeFree |
| Autoimmune Diseases | 0.028501397 | 105 | 0 | BeFree |
| HIV Infections | 0.027806623 | 86 | 2 | BeFree_GAD |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic | 0.020825079 | 68 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| melanoma | 0.02009663 | 65 | 0 | BeFree_LHGDN |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 0.017100838 | 63 | 1 | BeFree |
| Behcet Syndrome | 0.013625632 | 14 | 1 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
| Graft-vs-Host Disease | 0.012072926 | 19 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
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