ADH5(Alcohol Dehydrogenase 5)属于醇脱氢酶(ADH)基因家族,该家族主要参与乙醇和其他醇类物质的代谢,通过催化醇类氧化为相应的醛或酮,同时还原NAD+为NADH。ADH5在人体中广泛表达,尤其在肝脏、肾脏和胃肠道中活性较高。与其他ADH家族成员不同,ADH5对乙醇的亲和力较低,但能高效代谢甲醛,将其转化为甲酸,从而减少甲醛的毒性积累。ADH5还参与一氧化氮(NO)的信号传导,通过S-亚硝基化作用调节蛋白质功能。突变或功能缺失可能导致甲醛解毒能力下降,增加DNA损伤风险,甚至与某些癌症(如白血病)的发生相关。ADH5过表达可能增强甲醛代谢,减少其毒性,但若过度活跃可能干扰NO相关信号通路,影响血管舒张和免疫反应。相反,ADH5表达降低会导致甲醛积累,可能引发氧化应激和细胞凋亡。ADH基因家族的共性包括依赖锌离子作为辅因子、形成同源或异源二聚体结构以及参与多种内源性和外源性底物的代谢。ADH5的独特功能使其在甲醛解毒和NO代谢中具有关键作用,与其他家族成员(如ADH1B和ADH1C)的乙醇代谢功能形成互补。
This gene encodes a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. Members of this family metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products. The encoded protein forms a homodimer. It has virtually no activity for ethanol oxidation, but exhibits high activity for oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and for oxidation of S-hydroxymethyl-glutathione, a spontaneous adduct between formaldehyde and glutathione. This enzyme is an important component of cellular metabolism for the elimination of formaldehyde, a potent irritant and sensitizing agent that causes lacrymation, rhinitis, pharyngitis, and contact dermatitis. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes related to this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]
该基因编码乙醇脱氢酶家族的一个成员。这个家族的成员代谢多种基底,包括乙醇,视黄醇,其它脂族醇,hydroxysteroids和脂质过氧化产物的。所编码的蛋白质形成的同型二聚体。它对于乙醇氧化几乎没有活性,但显示出高活性的长链伯醇的氧化和用于S羟甲基谷胱甘肽,甲醛和谷胱甘肽之间的自发加合物的氧化。这种酶是细胞代谢的甲醛的消除,一个强效刺激和敏化剂引起lacrymation,鼻炎,咽炎,和接触性皮炎的重要组成部分。人类基因组包含与该基因几个非转录假基因。 [由RefSeq的,2008年10月提供]
ADH5基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ADH5基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 1200 Carbon metabolism [PATH:hsa01200] |
| 1220 Degradation of aromatic compounds [PATH:hsa01220] |
| 10 Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis [PATH:hsa00010] |
| 71 Fatty acid degradation [PATH:hsa00071] |
| 350 Tyrosine metabolism [PATH:hsa00350] |
| 830 Retinol metabolism [PATH:hsa00830] |
| 980 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 [PATH:hsa00980] |
| 982 Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450 [PATH:hsa00982] |
| 5204 Chemical carcinogenesis [PATH:hsa05204] |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic | 0.08764398 | 5 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_RGD |
| Cholestasis | 0.08 | 1 | 0 | RGD |
| Asthma | 0.010096888 | 3 | 0 | BeFree_GAD_LHGDN |
| Pancreatic Neoplasm | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Lung Neoplasms | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Schizophrenia | 0.00272435 | 1 | 0 | LHGDN |
| Drug Dependence | 0.002638474 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_GAD |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Deafness | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
| Narcolepsy | 0.002367032 | 1 | 0 | GAD |
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