ABCA4(ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 4)属于ABC转运蛋白超家族中的A亚家族,主要表达于视网膜感光细胞的盘膜边缘,负责转运视黄醛衍生物。其生物学功能是将光激活后产生的全反式视黄醛从感光细胞外段转运至细胞质,参与视觉循环。该基因突变会导致脂褐质等代谢产物异常堆积,引发常染色体隐性遗传病——Stargardt病(青少年黄斑变性),表现为进行性中央视力丧失。此外,ABCA4突变还与年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和视网膜色素变性有关。过表达ABCA4可能增强视黄醛清除效率,但具体机制尚不明确;表达降低则导致毒性代谢物积累,加速感光细胞凋亡。ABCA基因家族共有12个成员(ABCA1-ABCA12),均含有两个核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)和两个跨膜结构域(TMD),通过ATP水解供能完成跨膜转运。家族共性包括:参与胆固醇/脂类转运(如ABCA1调控高密度脂蛋白生成)、维持组织屏障功能(如ABCA12影响皮肤脂质分泌)。ABCA4特有的Gly863Ala、Ala1038Val等高频致病突变可造成蛋白质错误折叠或转运功能丧失,目前基因治疗策略正针对这些突变开展临床试验。
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intracellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the ABC1 subfamily. Members of the ABC1 subfamily comprise the only major ABC subfamily found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. This protein is a retina-specific ABC transporter with N-retinylidene-PE as a substrate. It is expressed exclusively in retina photoreceptor cells, indicating the gene product mediates transport of an essental molecule across the photoreceptor cell membrane. Mutations in this gene are found in patients diagnosed with Stargardt disease, a form of juvenile-onset macular degeneration. Mutations in this gene are also associated with retinitis pigmentosa-19, cone-rod dystrophy type 3, early-onset severe retinal dystrophy, fundus flavimaculatus, and macular degeneration age-related 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
由该基因编码的膜相关蛋白是ATP结合盒(ABC)转运蛋白的超家族中的一员。 ABC蛋白质跨越细胞内外膜运输各种分子。 ABC基因被分为七个不同亚科(ABC1,MDR / TAP,MRP,ALD,OABP,GCN20,白色)。这种蛋白质是ABC1亚科的成员。该ABC1亚科的成员包括只在多真核生物中发现的唯一的主要ABC亚科。这种蛋白质是一个特定视网膜-ABC转运与N-亚视黄基的PE作为基材。它是在视网膜感光细胞只表达,这表明该基因产物介导穿过感光细胞膜一个essental分子的运输。在这个基因的突变在诊断患有Stargardt病,幼年型黄斑变性的一种形式的患者中发现。在这个基因的突变也与色素性视网膜炎-19,锥 - 视杆营养不良型3相关联,早发性严重视网膜营养不良,眼底flavimaculatus,和黄斑变性年龄相关2. [通过的RefSeq,2008年7月提供]
ABCA4基因(以及对应的蛋白质)的细胞分布位置:
ABCA4基因的本体(GO)信息:
| 名称 |
|---|
| 2010 ABC transporters [PATH:hsa02010] |
| 名称 |
|---|
| ABC-family proteins mediated transport |
| Signal Transduction |
| The canonical retinoid cycle in rods (twilight vision) |
| Transmembrane transport of small molecules |
| Visual phototransduction |
| 疾病名称 | 关系值 | NofPmids | NofSnps | 来源 |
| STARGARDT DISEASE 1 (disorder) | 0.442442977 | 21 | 65 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT |
| CONE-ROD DYSTROPHY 3 (disorder) | 0.44 | 7 | 17 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD_UNIPROT |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | 0.389965683 | 42 | 0 | BeFree_CLINVAR_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN_ORPHANET |
| Macular Degeneration, Age-Related, 2 | 0.36 | 4 | 9 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_UNIPROT |
| RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 19 | 0.32 | 0 | 2 | CLINVAR_CTD_human_MGD |
| Stargardt's disease | 0.247101096 | 3 | 3 | CLINVAR_GAD_ORPHANET |
| Age related macular degeneration | 0.168834588 | 78 | 4 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD_LHGDN |
| Cleft Lip | 0.122638474 | 1 | 0 | BeFree_CTD_human_GAD |
| Colorectal Neoplasms | 0.12 | 1 | 0 | CTD_human |
| Retinal Dystrophy, Early Onset Severe | 0.12 | 0 | 2 | CLINVAR |
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