基因云馆新一代信息数据库

摘要：

      在百乐克和 A2 O 活性污泥宏基因组中,分别检测到47个和51个门类,超过了澳大利亚强化生物除磷(enhanced biological phosphorus removal,EBPR)、美国强化生物除磷和 Bibby 活性污泥中所检测到的生物类群.

      百乐克( BIOLAK)工艺是一种具有脱氮除磷功能的多级活性污泥污水处理系统。百乐克BIOLAK，顾名思义，BIO-LAKE是“生化湖”的意思。即湖体内采用生物方法处理污水、废水的工艺。它是由最初采用天然土池做反应池而发展起来的污水处理系统。自1972年以来，经多年研究形成了采用土池结构，利用浮在水面的移动式曝气链、底部挂有微孔曝气头的一种具有一定特色的活性污泥处理系统。

      A2/O工艺又称AAO工艺,即厌氧-缺氧-好氧,是同时脱氮除磷的微生物处理废水方法~氧化沟也是活性污泥法的一种,采用的是延时曝气法,一般采用圆形或椭圆形廊道,池体狭长,池深较浅并设有曝气装置,大多数情况下,氧化沟系统需要二沉池~区别是AAO工艺能做到脱氮除磷和有机物的降解,而氧化沟一般不用于脱氮除磷~其工艺流程也差别较大。

       百乐克活性污泥中所发现的门类,均在 A2 O 活性污泥中检测到.但是,有4个门类仅在 A2 O 活性污泥中出现。

        Ignavibacteriae 门在 A2 O 活性污泥宏基因组中的比例(2.0440％)是百乐克活性污泥(0.6376％) 的 3.2倍.与此同时,芽单胞菌门在百乐克活性污泥宏基因组中的比例是2.4673％,比其在 A2 O 活性污泥中的比例(0.1404％) 高出17倍多；衣原体门在百乐克活性污泥宏基因组中的比例是0.2192％,比其在 A2 O 活性污泥中的比例(0.0360％)高出6倍多.另外,在属的层级,有167个属仅在 A2 O 活性污泥中检出；与此同时,有50个属仅发现于百乐克活性污泥中.因此,在门和属的层级,A2 O 与百乐克活性污泥的生物群落均存在巨大差异.然而,在百乐克和 A2 O 两个活性污泥中,与氮、磷、硫和芳香族化合物代谢相关的功能基因比例均是非常接近的.此外,两个活性污泥中 KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes,京都基因与基因组百科全书)所有6个类别的排序均相同.同时,氮代谢相关的功能基因分类和通路分析表明,高丰度酶在百乐克和 A2 O 宏基因组中具有相同的排序。

       因此,A2 O 和百乐克活性污泥宏基因组比较分析显示,两个不同的生物群落具有相似的功能分配。目前城市生活污水的生化处理技术已是十分成熟，可供选择的工艺有普通活性污泥法、氧化沟法和间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)等以及一些演变工艺。这些工艺花样繁多，人们在不断探索和改进，力图使工艺更加高效和节能。

Abstract：

This is the first report of comparative metagenomic analyses of BIOLAK sludge and anaerobic/ anoxic/ oxic (A2 O) sludge. In the BIOLAK and A2 O sludge metagenomes, 47 and 51 phyla were identified respectively, more than the numbers of phyla identified in Australia EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal), USA EBPR and Bibby sludge. All phyla found in the BIOLAK sludge were detected in the A2 O sludge, but four phyla were exclusively found in the A2 O sludge. The proportion of the phylum Ignavibacteriae in the A2 O sludge was 2. 044 0% , which was 3. 2 times as much as that in the BIOLAK sludge (0. 637 6% ). Meanwhile, the proportion of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes in the BIOLAK sludge was 2. 467 3% , which was > 17 times as much as that in the A2 O sludge (0. 140 4% ). The proportion of the bacterial phylum Chlamydiae in the BIOLAK metagenome (0. 219 2% ) was > 6 times higher than that in the A2 O (0. 036 0% ). Furthermore, 167 genera found in the A2 O sludge were not detected in the BIOLAK sludge. And 50 genera found in the BIOLAK sludge were not detected in the A2 O sludge. From the analyses of both the phylum and genus levels, there were huge differences between the two biological communities of A2 O and BIOLAK sludge. However, the proportions of each group of functional genes associated with metabolism of nitrogen, phosphor, sulfur and aromatic compounds in BIOLAK were very similar to those in A2 O sludge. Moreover, the rankings of all six KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes) categories were identical in the two sludges. In addition, the analyses of functional classification and pathway related nitrogen metabolism showed that the abundant enzymes had identical ranking in the BIOLAK and A2 O metagenomes. Therefore, comparative metagenomics of BIOLAK and A2 O activated sludge indicated similar function assignments from the two different biological communities.